David Duprey/AP Eastman Kodak, the photography pioneer which invented the digital camera, emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection Tuesday, with plans to continue as a smaller digital imaging company. The new Kodak will focus on commercial products such as high-speed digital printing technology and printing on flexible packaging for consumer goods. "You can't imagine how much I have been waiting for this moment ... This is a totally new company," Chief Executive Officer Antonio Perez told reporters. Kodak, founded in 1880 by George Eastman, was for years synonymous with household cameras and family snapshots. It filed a $6.75 billion bankruptcy in January 2012, weighed down by high pension costs and a years-long delay in embracing digital camera technology. The new company expects to have $2.5 billion in revenue this year, Perez said. Kodak once employed more than 60,000 people and was one of the largest employers in Rochester, N.Y., where it is based. Perez told reporters his most difficult task at the helm of the bankrupt company was dealing with hefty pension costs. "I would not recommend anyone to file for Chapter 11, but if you have to deal with legacy costs, in my opinion, that's the only way you can do it," Perez said. The company in April resolved a crucial dispute with its British pension fund, which dropped a $2.8 billion claim against Kodak. The fund also bought the company's personalized imaging and document imaging businesses, to be named Kodak Alaris, for $650 million. The company said it has repaid its debtor-in-possession lenders and will receive about $406 million in new financing. Perez, in charge since 2005, had been trying to steer the company towards consumer and commercial printers but was unable to stem the cash drain. The company hasn't posted an annual profit since 2007. Chief executives are commonly ousted through the bankruptcy process, but Perez remains top boss at Kodak, a result he attributed to his ability to do "what I needed to do" during the restructuring. "When I came here, the previous board ... gave me three tasks - restructure the film business, create a completely new company that would have a future, and ... eliminate or settle the very large legacy costs that we had from the old company," Perez said. Kodak had hoped to fetch more than $2 billion through its bankruptcy process for about 1,100 patents related to digital imaging, but drew only $525 million for the portfolio, which experts said was a crucial reason it had to sell core businesses and reinvent itself. "We're not the largest competitor in the market, but we're offering the biggest differentiation in the market," Perez said.
Today's Bank of America (BAC) was created through a series of mega-mergers and acquisitions engineered by CEO Ken Lewis, including the purchases of FleetBoston in 2003 and credit card giant MBNA in 2005. By 2007, he had succeeded in making Bank of America the largest bank in the U.S. by deposits. But then Lewis overreached. As the financial system was heading toward near-collapse in 2008, Bank of America bought crippled mortgage bank Countrywide Financial in January and deeply troubled investment bank Merrill Lynch in September.
After that, Bank of America's financial troubles multiplied so rapidly that it was forced to take much more TARP money than most other large U.S. banks: $45 billion. Lewis was replaced by Brian Moynihan, but Moynihan's tenure has been even worse. JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM) passed BofA to become the nation's largest bank. Crippling losses, primarily from Countrywide legacy loans, led it to announce it would cut more than 30,000 jobs. In late 2011, a $50 billion class action suit was filed in over the Merrill Lynch acquisition.
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